
\begingroup
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lcccccccccccc}
   \toprule
                                          & (1)           & (2)           & (3)           & (4)           & (5)           & (6)           & (7)           & (8)           & (9)           & (10)          & (11)          & (12)\\  
   \midrule 
\textit{Panel A:} & \multicolumn{12}{c}{Patents per 1,000 people}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-13}
   Surname diversity                      & 1.081$^{***}$ &               & 1.076$^{***}$ &               & 1.134$^{***}$ &               & 1.078$^{***}$ &               & 0.978$^{***}$ & 1.099$^{***}$ & 1.065$^{***}$ & 1.356$^{***}$\\   
                                          & (0.263)       &               & (0.264)       &               & (0.262)       &               & (0.249)       &               & (0.228)       & (0.240)       & (0.230)       & (0.152)\\   
   Birth-country diversity                &               & 0.302$^{***}$ & -0.047        &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & -0.042        & 0.032\\   
                                          &               & (0.084)       & (0.121)       &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & (0.131)       & (0.143)\\   
   Ancestral-country diversity            &               &               &               & 0.233$^{***}$ & -0.110$^{**}$ &               &               &               &               &               & -0.080$^{*}$  & -0.150$^{**}$\\   
                                          &               &               &               & (0.083)       & (0.054)       &               &               &               &               &               & (0.044)       & (0.056)\\   
   Racial diversity                       &               &               &               &               &               & 0.007         & -0.162        &               &               &               & -0.150        & -0.470$^{***}$\\   
                                          &               &               &               &               &               & (0.201)       & (0.119)       &               &               &               & (0.112)       & (0.140)\\   
   Occupational diversity                 &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & 0.507$^{***}$ & 0.260$^{***}$ &               & 0.259$^{***}$ & 0.155\\   
                                          &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & (0.157)       & (0.091)       &               & (0.092)       & (0.100)\\   
   Population                             & 0.645$^{***}$ & 0.853$^{***}$ & 0.647$^{***}$ & 0.813$^{***}$ & 0.652$^{***}$ & 0.847$^{***}$ & 0.651$^{***}$ & 0.888$^{***}$ & 0.687$^{***}$ & 0.659$^{***}$ & 0.697$^{***}$ & 0.747$^{***}$\\   
                                          & (0.106)       & (0.111)       & (0.107)       & (0.109)       & (0.107)       & (0.110)       & (0.107)       & (0.121)       & (0.110)       & (0.096)       & (0.100)       & (0.189)\\   
    \\
   R$^2$                                  & 0.810         & 0.800         & 0.812         & 0.798         & 0.810         & 0.799         & 0.812         & 0.803         & 0.813         & 0.814         & 0.815         & 0.877\\  
\\
\textit{Panel B:} &  \multicolumn{12}{c}{Breakthrough patents per 1,000 people}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-13}
   Surname diversity                      & 0.099$^{***}$ &               & 0.100$^{***}$ &               & 0.105$^{***}$ &               & 0.102$^{***}$ &               & 0.088$^{***}$ & 0.104$^{***}$ & 0.095$^{***}$ & 0.099$^{***}$\\   
                                          & (0.017)       &               & (0.019)       &               & (0.019)       &               & (0.018)       &               & (0.019)       & (0.018)       & (0.021)       & (0.020)\\   
   Birth-country diversity                &               & 0.039$^{***}$ & 0.007         &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & 0.004         & 0.038\\   
                                          &               & (0.013)       & (0.014)       &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & (0.015)       & (0.026)\\   
   Ancestral-country diversity            &               &               &               & 0.019$^{***}$ & -0.012        &               &               &               &               &               & -0.008        & -0.018$^{**}$\\   
                                          &               &               &               & (0.007)       & (0.009)       &               &               &               &               &               & (0.008)       & (0.008)\\   
   Racial diversity                       &               &               &               &               &               & -0.004        & -0.020        &               &               &               & -0.023        & -0.052\\   
                                          &               &               &               &               &               & (0.030)       & (0.025)       &               &               &               & (0.025)       & (0.038)\\   
   Occupational diversity                 &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & 0.060$^{***}$ & 0.038$^{***}$ &               & 0.037$^{***}$ & 0.015\\   
                                          &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & (0.011)       & (0.009)       &               & (0.008)       & (0.009)\\   
   Population                             & 0.125$^{***}$ & 0.144$^{***}$ & 0.125$^{***}$ & 0.141$^{***}$ & 0.126$^{***}$ & 0.144$^{***}$ & 0.125$^{***}$ & 0.149$^{***}$ & 0.130$^{***}$ & 0.121$^{***}$ & 0.127$^{***}$ & 0.094$^{***}$\\   
                                          & (0.018)       & (0.018)       & (0.018)       & (0.018)       & (0.019)       & (0.018)       & (0.018)       & (0.019)       & (0.019)       & (0.017)       & (0.017)       & (0.028)\\   
    \\
   R$^2$                                  & 0.678         & 0.675         & 0.679         & 0.674         & 0.678         & 0.675         & 0.679         & 0.677         & 0.680         & 0.681         & 0.682         & 0.755\\  
 \\
   County fixed effects                   & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   State-Period fixed effects             & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   Immigrant shares by 59 birth countries &               &               &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   County-specific linear trends                &               &               &               &               &               &               &               &               &               &               &               & $\checkmark$\\   
   Observations                           & 21,984        & 21,873        & 21,873        & 21,984        & 21,984        & 21,873        & 21,873        & 21,871        & 21,871        & 21,873        & 21,871        & 21,871\\  
   \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\par\endgroup


